In summary, signs of foot and knee malalignment were<br>highly prevalent in rice farmers., age , BMI , and years of<br>experience were important factors related to lower extremity<br>malalignment.Being female was shown to be a major risk<br>factor for abnormal Q angle, tibiofemoral angle, and genu recurvatum.In contrast, being female was not associated<br>with femoral antetorsion.Being overweight was found to be<br>the major risk factor for abnormal pelvic tilt, Q angle, and<br>tibiofemoral angle malalignment.Aging was found to be a<br>significant risk factor for limb length inequality.More years<br>of farming experience was a risk factor of abnormal Q angle,<br>tibiofemoral angle, and foot malalignment.<br>These findings reinforce the need for clinicians to consider the relationship between occupational activities and<br>lower extremity malalignment.Consideration of preventive<br>strategies to reduce injury risk factors in rice farming may be<br>useful.Health education about ways to control body weight,<br>and discussions about work characteristics including work<br>duration may be worthwhile. ...
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