According to the literatures [30,31], the seed layer should bedense enough to cover the support surface for the preparation ofMFI membranes.This is different from synthesis of zeolite LTAmembranes in which a trace distribution of seed on the supportsurface was sufficient [23].The support surface was incompletely covered by seed with low concentration from Fig.3a, and someexposed places could be seen clearly.After crystallization for 12 h,weak intergrowth could be found in the silicalite-1 layer due to thepoor continuity of the seed layer (Fig. 4c), and so the performanceof the as-prepared membrane would not be high.However, whenthe seed concentration was too high, the seed layer deposited onthe support surface was too thick, leading to that the seeds closeto the support could not intergrow each other after the hydrothermal synthesis (Fig. 5b).Gaps and non-zeolitic pores among the seedcrystals between the dense zeolite layer and the support may causethe crack formed during the calcination of SDA (Fig. 5a), which maydecrease the membrane quality.More seriously, the less compactsilicalite-1 layer would detach from the support.Lovallo et al.[30]also reported the support should be covered by the seed layer toobtain high performance silicalite-1 membranes, but too thick seedlayer could cause the membrane to peel or crack and thus decreasethe quality of the membrane.Consequently, increasing the thickness of seed layer may have a negative impact on the membraneperformance.
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